Madonna Annunziata Sanctuary

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OUTSIDE THE CHURCH  |  THE SANCTUARY INSIDE  |  THE ORATORY OF JESUS AND MARY
 

Madonna Annunziata Sanctuary

The church's inside

The altars, The main altar, The Paliotti, The Renaissance arch, The Annunciation, Paintings and sculptures

Maria SS. Annunziata is the protector with San Biagio of Bronte and the Sanctuary dedicated to her is the pride of our town. It continues to be, as it has been since 1535, the year of the reunion in Bronte of the inhabitants of the 24 Casali, the place of common "identity", where to find comfort and hope.
The exterior of the church is built in lava stone masonry, has a large hemispherical pointed dome with a lantern and a gabled roof with wooden trusses.
Leaning against the left side of the facade, and annexed to it, is the delightful Oratorio di Gesù e Maria (Oratory of Jesus and Mary), home to the Confraternity of the same name.

The sanctuary dedicated to Maria SS. Annunziata is built in lava stone masonry, a big hemispheric dome has a pointed arch with lantern and the gable roof with wooden trusses.

The inside of the church has one only nave, it has eight altars and two chapels, one in front of the other, a square presbytery ante-chorus, and, at the end of the chorus, one astonishing altar, (of the same sandstone as the entry door), which contains the statues of the Madonna and the angel.

Masterpieces of inestimable value are kept in the church: worthy works of Renaissance taste to be signaled among the artistically most beautiful expressions in Sicily.

The nave, with polychrome coffered ceiling with gildings, is surmounted by the entries of two chapels dedicated to Christ at The Column and San Giuseppe.

The square transept preceding the choir is surmounted by a circular drum with windows on which the dome stands.
The large arches of the chapels and altars, which symmetrically adorn the walls, are rich in plastic ornaments and enclose precious paintings. The interior space is divided into eight bays by a composite-style apparatus, which also describes the arches along the side walls within which the altars and chapels are located. The roof is flat with a polychrome coffered design, while the transept is covered by a dome.

Of particular interest is the high altar, where the sculptural group of the Annunciation, the work of Antonio Gagini, is housed within a Renaissance-style arch-portal.

The big arches of the chapels and the altars, which symmetrically adorn the walls, are enriched by plastic ornaments; the altars adorned with beautiful pictures.


The altars

All the altars are adorned with large and artistic works of art. The painting of the Madonna delle Grazie with Saints is very beautiful (from 1646, attributed to G. Tommasio, position no. 11 on the map on the right).
Also noteworthy are the paintings of Jesus and Mary (no. 7), first and second entering from the left, and those, placed on the sides of the entrance opposite the main altar, representing Saint Ursula (no. 13, from 1580) and the Madonna degli Angeli (no. 14) with Saint Francis of Assisi in the Capuchin habit and Saint Clare and between them the town of Bronte saved from the devastating wrath of Etna (the work, by the painter Tommasio, is from 1650, «Joseph Thomasius pingebat 1650»). Below we give you a brief mention of all of them.

Entering, from the right you find

  the painting of the Madonna degli Angeli (see no. 14 on the map on the right). It depicts the Virgin, seated on a cloud and crowned by angels, who holds the blessing Child upright on her left leg.
Below, dressed in the Franciscan habit, the two saints of Assisi: St. Francis and St. Clare (also depicted in a bas-relief in the chapel of St. Joseph) and, at the bottom center, a glimpse of the town of Bronte miraculously saved from the fury of Etna.
The canvas measures 276 cm x 170 and is the work of the painter Giuseppe Tommasi (1610-1672) from Tortorici, as can be read at the bottom left of the painting: "Joseph Thomasius pingebat 1650".
Another beautiful painting by G. Tommasi (St. Benedict) is preserved in the church of San Silvestro, while in that of Santa Maria della Catena there is the Martyrdom of St. Stephen, a copy made in 1876 by Agostino Attinà from an original by Giuseppe Tommasi from 1646.

 Immediately after, on the side wall (where the bell tower door once was) there is the altar of the Nativity of Jesus with the painting of the same name (no. 12 on the map);

  the altar of St. Martin of Tours (point 8) with a beautiful painting of St. Martin (depicted at the feet of the Madonna between St. Giacinto and St. Barbara). Radice writes in his Memoirs... (Memorie storiche di Bronte) that the painting was «made on behalf of the procurator Sac. Giacinto Naviga. To the left of St. Martin is St. Barbara, to the right is St. Giacinto, in the lower part of the painting is a coat of arms: a three-oared boat, sailing in a stormy sea; part of the inscription is covered by the frame, only it reads: D. Hiacyntus P. Viator fieri curavit. That "P." is interpreted Pelagi viator, and would mean the name "Naviga: whims of the reverend who has artistically symbolized his name.»

  The chapel of Christ at the Column (number 6 on the map, some write that it existed before the construction of the church).
The Chapel opens with a travertine arch all in gilded bas-relief and differently colored, with the pediment surmounted by three spires worked to flower patterns.
Vases with several friezes and flowers on the inside and outside adorn the columns; those of the base to the right are supported by winged lions, those to left by animals with sphinx face, rather than lions. The travertine arch, very beautiful work of art of the Renaissance, is placed in the room of the big entry to the chapel, which makes presume that it was taken there and raised afterwards.
In the niche of the chapel is found the statue of Cristo alla Colonna, which, according to some people, was taken from the church of the SS. Christ, above San Vito, buried by the lava. The tradition says that it is the work of a brontese shepherd. 
The statue, in paper-pulp, shows Christ in natural size, with hands tied to the back, bound to a column, the bleeding body covered with sores and the face expressing human pain. The work evokes with great realism the drama of the passion; every year, on Venerdì Santo (Holy Friday), it is taken on to a very heavy wooden frame in procession; he precedes all the other statues: the Crucifix, Christ Dead and the Grieved Lady. 

  At point 4 of the map we find the altar of St. Ignatius of Loyola, enclosed within a valuable Renaissance arch, with an eighteenth-century statue. Worthy of note is the artistic head of the Saint: it represents, especially in the eyes, a wonderful example of figurative perfection.

  The painting, hanging in a niche immediately after the altar of St. Ignatius, represents St. Apollonia, the Patron Saint of dentists and those who suffer from toothache. It probably comes from the now disappeared church of S. Maria della Venia or della Vina, a small sanctuary (as B. Radice defines it), located a little higher up than the cemetery, where there was an altar dedicated to St. Apollonia. It is the work, as can be read, at the bottom center, of Sebastianus Calanna.

On the left of the nave you can see

The altar with the painting of Saint Ursula from 1580 (placed on the left wall next to the entrance door, no. 13 on the map).
The Saint, surrounded by her companions in martyrdom and by Pope Ciriaco, according to traditional iconography is represented as a princess, in royal clothes, with a crown on her head and with a white banner with a red cross, as a sign of victory over death through martyrdom.
In the lower right part the painter (Sebastiano De Torres for p. Gesualdo De Luca; Joseph De Foneos for Benedetto Radice; both illustrious unknowns to us) painted his self-portrait in the act of praying (photo on the right).

  The altar of the Madonna della Grazie (first altar on the left, see no. 11): the painting, from 1646, attributed to Giuseppe Tomasio, is very beautiful; depicts the Madonna with, at her feet, on the left, Saint Andrew the Apostle and Saint Benigno of Dijon, priest and martyr, and, on the right, Saint Dominic and Saint Francis.
«I believe - writes Radice - that the author of the painting is that Giuseppe Tommasio, who at that time painted the beautiful painting of Saint Benedict in the Monastero di Santa Sco­lastica and the paintings of Saint Philip Neri and Saint Stephen in the Church of the Catena».
At the bottom left, the painter painted at the feet of Saint Andrew the portrait of the church chaplain and patron of the painting, the priest D. Francesco Lazzaro, with this epigraph: "c opus fieri fecit rev. Dominus Franciscus Lazzaro 1646". With this noble gesture of his, in some way, this patron still lives and we show him to you in the photo on the right.
Furthermore, Don Francesco Lazzaro is the one who, with a solemn act dated "Die 29 Julii X Ind. 1642 in civitate Montis Regalis" received the relic of the Santo Capello (Holy Hair) to «be displayed in the said Church of the Annunciation of the said land, and to be carried in procession as many times as necessary, so that it may be adored and venerated by the faithful of both sexes, as much in the said Church, as in all and better other Churches of the said land.»

  The altar of Jesus and Mary (point 7 on the map) with the painting of the same name that symbolizes the Redemption (all the symbols of the Passion of Christ are reproduced there).

  The Chapel of St. Joseph (photo on the right, no. 5 on the map): the two bas-reliefs, at the base of the lateral columns, represent St. Agnes on the left (iconographically depicted with the palm of her martyrdom and a lamb in her arms) and St. Clare on the right, who in her left hand holds a lantern (her symbol) and with her right shows three fingers to symbolize the Holy Trinity (St. Clare is also depicted with St. Francis in the painting of the Madonna degli Angeli); to be admired on the front of the altar is a delightful bas-relief depicting the "flight into Egypt".

 The altar of St. Michael the Archangel (no. 3 on the map) with a valuable arch in elegant baroque style; the two bas-reliefs, at the base of the lateral columns, represent, supported by two angels, St. Ignatius bishop of Antioch (on the right), and St. Polycarp bishop of Smyrna (on the left).
The statue of the Archangel recalls the homologous statue of the Mother Church and both statues are inspired by the archangel (played by a child) who, to the monotonous rhythm of a drum, opens the Good Friday procession every year.

  Immediately after the altar of St. Michael the Archangel is the entrance door to the sacristy (2).

At the back of the choir stands the high altar dedicated to the Annunciation (point 1 on the map).subito dopo l'altare di S. Michele Arcangelo trovasi la porta d'ingresso della sacrestia (2).
 

The Paliotti

All the altars of the church are adorned in the front with marble inlay bas-reliefs of various colors and meanings; inlaid on precious polychro­me marbles richly decorated with racemes, foliage, flowers and other symbols. From the wide variety of decorative schemes proposed in the frontals we have chosen some that are more representative of the life of the Madonna Annunziata, undoubtedly among the most original and singular creations. In the first photo, framed by bands of marble of various colors and represented the Annunciation (altar of the Nativity); the frontal of the second photo (altar of St. Joseph) depicts in the center within a sort of medallion the Flight into Egypt; that of the third the Sorrowful Mother. The last is the frontal of the central altar (the Holy Spirit). 

Paintings and sculptures

The six large paintings (each almost 3 m x 2) placed on the altars of the Church.

Gesù e Maria (point no. 7 on the map)San Martino di Tours ( point 8)Sant'Orsola (13)Madonna degli Angeli (14)Madonna della Grazie (11)Natività di Gesù (12)

The statues of Christ at the Column and of St. Michael the Archangel, preserved in the altars of the same name. The Chapel of Christ at the Column was formerly called "of discipline", because there the most devout would flagellate themselves until they bled on Fridays. In the annual procession of Good Friday, according to an ancient tradition, the statue of Christ at the Column is decorated with the first products of the earth.
The statues of St. Ignatius of Loyola follow (Radice writes that "... the head of St. Ignatius of Loyola is artistically beautiful; some rich Englishmen would have paid for it in gold") and St. Joseph placed on the altars of the same name. The last two photos show St. Polycarp placed on the right of the altar of St. Michael the Archangel and St. Clare of the Chapel of St. Joseph.


The main altar

Inside the church, on the main altar (point no. 1 of the above map), surmounted by a travertine arch since 1549, is placed the Annunciation (marble group of the Virgin of the Annunciation, the Angel Gabriel and a kneeler, the work of the Palermo sculptor Antonio Gagini), to which the people of Bronte are devotedly linked by feelings of common identity and ancient and profound religiosity.

In 2005, the area around the main altar reserved for the clergy (the presbytery) was rearranged with the addition of new architectural elements: a central altar, the ambone (a small pulpit intended for the preacher or for reading), a chair and two long lateral benches. All made with variously colored precious marbles.


The Renaissance arch

The beautiful Renaissance arch in travertine from 1500 that characterizes the high altar, until 1980 was mounted in the space of the entrance of the Chapel of Christ at the Column.

It is all built with valuable bas-reliefs, ornaments and figures, gilded and variously colored, with the classic pediment surmounted by three spires worked with flowers.

Vases with various friezes, jets of water and flowers adorn the columns: those at the base on the right are supported by winged lions, those on the left by animals with faces more like sphinxes than lions.

Figures of prophets or kings, with turbans on their heads, whose names have disappeared, which were previously read in the flourishes, are at the center of the columns and next to the capitals with acanthus leaves. Above, under the frame of the pediment, there is a mask with two dolphins with human faces on the sides.
The Holy Spirit is depicted in the pyramidal pediment, in the shape of a dove, surrounded by two angels. Twelve angel faces, six on one side and six on the other, and the Holy Spirit in the middle, embellish the inside of the arch.

«Looking at it - writes the violin maker Giuseppe Severini (Incontri, year VII n. 27 Apr-Jun 2019) - you can see four low-relief medallions probably depicting prophets, not exactly identifiable, two in the middle of the pillars and two others on the sides of the tympanum.
The one on the top left depicts King David playing a Viola. That it is King David is evidenced by the writing "Davi..." still legible in a scroll behind the figure, by the crown, by the musical instrument he is holding, typical of the iconography of this character who, being one of the most illustrious ancestors of Christ, always occupies a prominent position.»

The arch as a whole, although partly flaked and discolored by time («also damaged - wrote Benedetto Radice in the early 1900s - by the blissful ignorance of the sacristans, who pierce it with nails to hang curtains»), still presents lines of artistic beauty. «Roman antique dealers offered the church attorney, priest Giuseppe Meli, 60,000 lire, but he, with a sense of taste and patriotism, preferred to keep it for the large sum.»

This beautiful Renaissance work of art (a medallion bears the date 1549 at the bottom) was previously placed in the space of the large arch of the chapel of Christ at the Column but its original location is unknown.

Again Radice writes that «it was later bought and placed there" but, in any case, it recalls very much in style and friezes the entrance portal of the church also in travertine and adorned with bas-reliefs carved in floral patterns but with figures of cherubs and demons
 In a recent restoration, completed in August 2020, the internal part of the Renaissance arch was completely redesigned by eliminating the two white columns with Doric capitals and also the panels on the vault (in the photo on the right the arch before and after the "restoration" intervention or rather the radical restructuring).

Below are some details of the precious ancient artifact with, in the second photo, the "God the Father" by Gagini, one of the elements cited in the notarial deed of 21 January 1540 (the immaculate Virgin Mary of the Annunciation, the Angel Gabriel announcing, lectern, God the Father, the marble image of the Holy Spirit with dove and with the throne of the seraphim, halo).


The Annunciation

L'Annunciazione di GaginiThe Annunciation by Gagini is a work of great value and beauty: it is part of that Renaissance artistic trend that in the Gaginian school merged with the new forms of Tuscan and Roman Mannerism.
The figures of the Virgin and the announcing angel and the small kneeler compose a harmonious whole animated by the beauty of the faces and the expressive modes and by a lively spiritual tension.

The tall and exquisitely proportioned bodies of the two statues vibrate inside the flowing robes richly decorated in the essentiality of their movements.
The young face of the Virgin expresses reverence and disturbance, with her right hand she seems to push away the immense weight of what she hears; while Gabriele, slightly kneeling, with his hands resting on his chest, looks at the chosen one with deference and eyes full of admiration and respect.

The statues were commissioned by Niccolò Spitaleri, as a representative of the citizens of Bronte, to the sculptor Antonino Gagini from Palermo, by public deed drawn up by Notary Dimitri of Palermo on 21 January 1540 (XIII Indiction).
The marble group cost 48 onze (about 100 thousand euros today) and was delivered to the people of Bronte a few years later, in 1543. It was brought by sea from Palermo to the small port of San Marco (in Sant’Agata di Militello). From there, on a cart pulled by oxen, to Bronte through the Nebrodi woods and the tracks that pass by San Fratello and Cesarò.

Around this difficult and troublesome transport, devotion and above all popular imagination have created numerous legends.
«...They asked a gentleman - is the story of one - a pair of oxen to transport the two statues to Bronte. He gave them two wild, untamed bulls, who bowed before the Virgin at the sight and let themselves be subjugated: along the journey the trees of the forest moved aside as the cart passed. When they reached Bronte, the bulls made a tour and marked the site where the most grandiose temple was to be built». (Benedetto Radice, "Chiese, conventi, edificio pubblici in Bronte", Bronte 1923).
«The Church - another legend specifies - is right in front of Etna... It seemed to the people of Bronte that an arcane voice had come from the lips of Mary saying: "Brons civitas mea dilecta protegam te semper". (Gesualdo De Luca, "Storia della città di Bronte", Milan 1883).

Gagini sculpted the angel with only one wing, probably because the marble group had to be placed against the wall. In fact, even the back of the statue of the Madonna is not completed but left rough and unfinished by the sculptor.
Nothing special, however, is reported in the notarial deed of 1540 stipulated between the Municipality and the sculptor for the processing of the marble group of the Madonna Annunziata and the Angel except for «modeling and sculpting the (...) marble images or figures with its white marble, without any blemish on the face, arms and neck».
The marble group is today inserted in a beautiful Renaissance arch of travertine that was placed until a few years ago in the entrance of the Chapel of Christ at the Column (no. 6 on the map above). It is very reminiscent in style and friezes of the entrance portal of the church, also in travertine and adorned with bas-reliefs carved in floral patterns but with figures of cherubs and demons.

A restoration and cleaning project of the marble group of the Annunciation by Gagini and the Renaissance arch was presented to the people of Bronte in March 2019 in the same church of the Annunziata with the interventions of Monsignor Adolfo Longhitano, the architect Longhitano and the restorer Maria Scalisi.

During the restoration work, among other things, the seals of the client Niccolò Spitaleri, on the Angel, and that of the sculptor Antonino Gagini, on the Madonna (photo on the right, indicated by the arrow) also re-emerged.

High up, above the main altar of the church, the "God the Father" was also "rediscovered", painted with colors, until now missing with respect to all the elements mentioned in the notarial deed of January 21, 1540, stipulated between Antonino Gagini and Nicolò Spitaleri from Bronte ((Virgin Mary of the Annunciation, Angel Gabriel the announcer, lectern, God the Father, marble image of the Holy Spirit with dove and with the throne of the seraphim).

The restoration was concluded in August 2020, with a solemn celebration held in the Sanctuary with the "rite of the coronation" of the Madonna.
 

The photos of the Madonna and the Angel sculpted by the Palermo native Antonino Gagini in 1540 after the restoration carried out from March 2019 to August 2020. The entire sixteenth-century marble group (the two statues of the Madonna and the Angel, the lectern and God the Father among the Seraphim) was restored together with the Triumphal Arch thanks to the generous offerings of the faithful of Bronte. The work was entrusted to the Bronte restorer Maria Scalisi who availed herself of the collaboration of many local craftsmen. With the cleaning, the statues were returned as they left the Gagini workshop with the "ancient" colors and gilding on which, in the lacking parts, a pictorial integration was performed with the rigatino technique, while the decorations were integrated with pure gold. The seals of the patron Niccolò Spitaleri (next to the left foot of the Angel) and of the sculptor Antonino Gagini (on the cloak covering the Madonna's left shoulder) have also resurfaced.
 

The Bronte's people were always very devotional to their patron Maria Santissima Annunziata, to which many times they turned in prayers so that she could sooth the destructive fury of Etna.

The inhabitants of all the town quarters, in every necessity and crucial moments of their tormented history (famines, plagues, risings, political upheavals) have always run to the Annunziata.

Since 1821, in August, with big fervor and participation, the statues has been taken in procession for the streets of the town on a wagon towed by oxen.

Especially touching the performance of the Annunciazione ("a burata 'el' Angiru"): the statues (Mary and the Angel) are placed at the center of  Piazza Spedalieri and a child, dressed as the angel Gabriel, reaches them from a high building running along a steel cable anchored at two palaces, to announce to Mary the miracle of Christ's conception.

In the church of the SS. Annunziata two threads of braided hair with threads made of gold are kept and still worshipped as tradition says that they belong to the Madonna and given to the brontese people in 1642 («'u santu capillu»).


Church's map (only in italian)

Translated in part by Sam Di BellaITALIAN VERSION

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